![]() ![]() ![]() Although grammar is often pointed out as the most impaired linguistic domain in DS, studies underscore the importance of its relationship with phonological disorders, which in turn have serious implications for communication by generating significant levels of unintelligibility ( Kumin, 2006 Christodoulou, 2015). Different asymmetries are also observed in the linguistic profile: comprehension is better than expression, and relative strengths in early vocabulary and pragmatics of social communication contrast with relative weaknesses in morphosyntactic production and phonological processing ( Chapman, 2006 Diez-Itza et al., 2019). ![]() Linguistic skills are particularly impaired in individuals with DS so they consistently tend to show better performance on non-verbal tasks than on verbal tasks ( Næss et al., 2011). However, developmental emergence of the neurocognitive profile and later trajectories of development in childhood and adolescence are not yet well-explored and understood ( Channell et al., 2014). ![]() Individuals with DS share a unique neuropsychological profile, characterized by a complex pattern of strengths and weaknesses, which was partially unveiled when compared with other neurodevelopmental disorders like Williams syndrome (WS) or fragile X syndrome (FXS) ( Bellugi et al., 2000 Roberts et al., 2008 Grieco et al., 2015). Highly increased frequency of processes, consistent in all kinds of processes and positions at the syllable-level, and asynchronous with verbal age and mental age suggest atypical developmental trajectories of phonological development in the Down syndrome population.ĭown syndrome (DS) is a neurodevelopmental genetic disorder, caused by trisomy of the chromosome 21, and the most common cause of intellectual disability. The results of the present study confirmed that the frequency of phonological processes in children and adolescents with DS is atypically high and is above what is expected for lexical age and at the same level as grammatical age. Finally, intergroup and intragroup differences in full match percentages between three positions at syllable-level (complex onset, medial coda, and final coda) were assessed. A complementary goal was to assess the effect of two different methods of elicitation: a test of articulation and spontaneous speech sampling. The profiles were based on the frequency and relative proportion of the processes observed by classes, and they were compared to those of typically developing preschool children of similar verbal age. The purpose of this study was to explore the phonological profiles of children and adolescents with Down syndrome. Although specific weaknesses in grammatical and phonological processing have been reported, research evidence on phonological development remains scarce, particularly beyond early childhood. In the context of comparing linguistic profiles across neurodevelopmental disorders, Down syndrome (DS) has captured growing attention for its uneven profile.
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